Security Services

Background Investigation Contracts: Guide to Federal Personnel Security Opportunities

Learn how to win background investigation contracts. Understand DCSA requirements, personnel vetting, security clearance processing, and investigation service opportunities.

BidFinds Government Contracting Team
December 31, 2025
14 min read

Quick Answer: What Are Background Investigation Contracts?

Federal background investigation contracts support personnel security vetting for security clearances and positions of trust. The Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (DCSA) is the primary buyer. This specialized market requires cleared investigators, strict quality standards, and compliance with federal investigation standards.

2M+
Annual Investigations
DCSA
Primary Buyer
Secret+
Required
Certified
Investigators

Market Overview

The federal government conducts over 2 million background investigations annually for security clearances and suitability determinations. The Trusted Workforce 2.0 initiative is modernizing the vetting process, creating both challenges and opportunities for contractors.

DCSA took over the background investigation mission from OPM and manages the majority of federal personnel vetting. This consolidated program relies heavily on contractor support for investigation fieldwork and processing.

Investigation Market Segments

  • Security clearance investigations
  • Suitability/fitness determinations
  • Periodic reinvestigations
  • Continuous vetting support
  • Record searches
  • Subject interviews
  • Reference interviews
  • IT system support

Key Programs

DCSA Investigation Services

Primary federal vetting program supporting security clearances across government.

  • National security investigations
  • Continuous vetting
  • Enhanced investigation services

Trusted Workforce 2.0

Modernization initiative transforming personnel vetting processes.

  • Risk-based vetting
  • Continuous evaluation
  • Technology modernization

Service Categories

Investigation Services

1
Field Investigations

Subject and reference interviews, record checks

2
Record Searches

Criminal, credit, employment, education verification

3
Case Processing

Report writing, quality review, case management

4
Polygraph Services

Examinations for specialized positions

5
IT Support

Systems development and maintenance for vetting

Contractor Requirements

Key Requirements

  • Certified investigators meeting federal standards
  • Quality management systems
  • Secure information handling
  • Geographic coverage capability
  • Timeliness and quality metrics compliance

Security Requirements

Clearance Requirements

  • Secret or Top Secret clearance for investigators
  • Facility clearance for contractor organizations
  • Secure IT systems for handling investigation data
  • Compliance with Privacy Act and security regulations

Investigator Certification

Investigators must complete federal training and certification requirements. This includes specific coursework, testing, and ongoing professional development. Only certified investigators can conduct federal background investigations.

Finding Opportunities

Opportunity Sources

  • SAM.gov: DCSA and agency solicitations
  • DCSA procurement: Investigation service opportunities
  • Agency-specific: IC and special programs

Winning Strategies

Build Certified Investigator Workforce

Investigators are the core capability. Recruit experienced investigators or develop training programs. Maintaining a stable, qualified workforce is essential for meeting quality and timeliness requirements.

Develop Geographic Coverage

Investigation work is distributed nationally. Having investigators across geographic regions positions you for broader contracts. Consider partnerships or subcontracting to expand coverage.

Invest in Quality Systems

Investigation quality is heavily scrutinized. Robust quality management, training, and oversight systems are essential. Poor quality can result in contract termination and reputational damage.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can small businesses compete for investigation contracts?

Yes, though this is a specialized market. DCSA has small business participation goals. Smaller firms often start as subcontractors to larger investigation providers before pursuing prime contracts.

What does an investigator do?

Investigators conduct interviews with subjects and references, review records, and prepare detailed investigation reports. Work involves travel to conduct in-person interviews. Strong interviewing and writing skills are essential.

How do I become an approved investigation contractor?

Obtain facility clearances, develop certified investigator workforce, and compete for contracts through SAM.gov. DCSA maintains lists of approved contractors. Meeting quality standards during performance is critical for continued work.

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